PostgreSQL must reveal detailed error messages only to the ISSO, ISSM, SA and DBA.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-214070	PGS9-00-002500	SV-214070r548749_rule		Medium

Description
If PostgreSQL provides too much information in error logs and administrative messages to the screen, this could lead to compromise. The structure and content of error messages need to be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements. Some default PostgreSQL error messages can contain information that could aid an attacker in, among others things, identifying the database type, host address, or state of the database. Custom errors may contain sensitive customer information. It is important that detailed error messages be visible only to those who are authorized to view them; that general users receive only generalized acknowledgment that errors have occurred; and that these generalized messages appear only when relevant to the user's task. For example, a message along the lines of, "An error has occurred. Unable to save your changes. If this problem persists, please contact your help desk" would be relevant. A message such as "Warning: your transaction generated a large number of page splits" would likely not be relevant. Administrative users authorized to review detailed error messages typically are the ISSO, ISSM, SA, and DBA. Other individuals or roles may be specified according to organization-specific needs, with DBA approval.

Description

If PostgreSQL provides too much information in error logs and administrative messages to the screen, this could lead to compromise. The structure and content of error messages need to be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements. Some default PostgreSQL error messages can contain information that could aid an attacker in, among others things, identifying the database type, host address, or state of the database. Custom errors may contain sensitive customer information. It is important that detailed error messages be visible only to those who are authorized to view them; that general users receive only generalized acknowledgment that errors have occurred; and that these generalized messages appear only when relevant to the user's task. For example, a message along the lines of, "An error has occurred. Unable to save your changes. If this problem persists, please contact your help desk" would be relevant. A message such as "Warning: your transaction generated a large number of page splits" would likely not be relevant. Administrative users authorized to review detailed error messages typically are the ISSO, ISSM, SA, and DBA. Other individuals or roles may be specified according to organization-specific needs, with DBA approval.

STIG	Date
PostgreSQL 9.x Security Technical Implementation Guide	2022-06-13

Details

Check Text ( C-15286r360841_chk )
Note: The following instructions use the PGDATA environment variable. See supplementary content APPENDIX-F for instructions on configuring PGDATA. Check PostgreSQL settings and custom database code to determine if detailed error messages are ever displayed to unauthorized individuals. To check the level of detail for errors exposed to clients, as the database administrator (shown here as "postgres"), run the following: $ sudo su - postgres $ grep "client_min_messages" ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf If client_min_messages is set to LOG or DEBUG, this is a finding. If detailed error messages are displayed to individuals not authorized to view them, this is a finding. #### stderr Logging Logs may contain detailed information and should only be accessible by the database owner. As the database administrator, verify the following settings of logs in the postgresql.conf file. Note: Consult the organization's documentation on acceptable log privileges $ sudo su - postgres $ grep log_directory ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf $ grep log_file_mode ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf Next, verify the log files have the set configurations. Note: Use location of logs from log_directory. $ ls -l total 32 -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 0 Apr 8 00:00 postgresql-Fri.log -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 8288 Apr 11 17:36 postgresql-Mon.log -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 0 Apr 9 00:00 postgresql-Sat.log -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 0 Apr 10 00:00 postgresql-Sun.log -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 16212 Apr 7 17:05 postgresql-Thu.log -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1130 Apr 6 17:56 postgresql-Wed.log If logs are not owned by the database administrator or have permissions that are not 0600, this is a finding. #### syslog Logging If PostgreSQL is configured to use syslog for logging, consult organization location and permissions for syslog log files. If the logs are not owned by root or have permissions that are not 0600, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-15286r360841_chk )

Note: The following instructions use the PGDATA environment variable. See supplementary content APPENDIX-F for instructions on configuring PGDATA.

Check PostgreSQL settings and custom database code to determine if detailed error messages are ever displayed to unauthorized individuals.

To check the level of detail for errors exposed to clients, as the database administrator (shown here as "postgres"), run the following:

$ sudo su - postgres
$ grep "client_min_messages" ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf

If client_min_messages is set to LOG or DEBUG, this is a finding.

If detailed error messages are displayed to individuals not authorized to view them, this is a finding.

#### stderr Logging

Logs may contain detailed information and should only be accessible by the database owner.

As the database administrator, verify the following settings of logs in the postgresql.conf file.

Note: Consult the organization's documentation on acceptable log privileges

$ sudo su - postgres
$ grep log_directory ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf
$ grep log_file_mode ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf

Next, verify the log files have the set configurations.

Note: Use location of logs from log_directory.

$ ls -l
total 32
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 0 Apr 8 00:00 postgresql-Fri.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 8288 Apr 11 17:36 postgresql-Mon.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 0 Apr 9 00:00 postgresql-Sat.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 0 Apr 10 00:00 postgresql-Sun.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 16212 Apr 7 17:05 postgresql-Thu.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1130 Apr 6 17:56 postgresql-Wed.log

If logs are not owned by the database administrator or have permissions that are not 0600, this is a finding.

#### syslog Logging

If PostgreSQL is configured to use syslog for logging, consult organization location and permissions for syslog log files. If the logs are not owned by root or have permissions that are not 0600, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-15284r570378_fix)
Note: The following instructions use the PGDATA environment variable. See supplementary content APPENDIX-F for instructions on configuring PGDATA. To set the level of detail for errors messages exposed to clients, as the database administrator (shown here as "postgres"), run the following commands: $ sudo su - postgres $ vi ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf client_min_messages = error